Trends of Indigenous Ethnic Language Loss in Bangladesh: A Statistical Analysis (2013–2023)

Abstract

The decline of indigenous ethnic languages has emerged as a critical socio-cultural and educational concern in Bangladesh. This study statistically examines trends in indigenous ethnic language loss over ten years, from 2013 to 2023. Using secondary data from UNESCO, Ethnologue, and national statistical sources, combined with descriptive analysis of longitudinal indicators, the study identifies patterns of declining language use among indigenous communities. The analysis reveals a consistent reduction in intergenerational transmission, educational representation, and functional use of indigenous languages, alongside the increasing dominance of Bengali in public, educational, and economic domains. Urbanization, migration, and policy prioritization of the national language are identified as key structural drivers of this decline. The findings highlight significant implications for cultural sustainability, social inclusion, and equitable education. This study emphasizes the need for data-driven policy interventions, including bilingual education models and institutional support for indigenous languages, to mitigate further language erosion and support inclusive national development.