Religious Interpretation, Education, and Community Cohesion: Diverse Islamic Standpoints among Muslim Residents in the Philippines

Abstract

Interpretive diversity is an established feature of Islamic intellectual tradition, yet differences in religious understanding may also influence education and community relations. This qualitative study examines how selected Muslim residents of Tubod, Lanao del Norte, Philippines, understand diverse Islamic standpoints and the factors shaping these interpretations. Thirty-five participants were purposively selected and interviewed using semi-structured questions. Thematic analysis identified differences related to business ethics, dietary rulings, religious-cultural practices, and scholarly authority. Participants associated interpretive diversity with textual interpretation, educational background, cultural context, and differences in scholarly methodology. Despite these variations, participants emphasized the importance of qualified religious authority, mutual respect, and unity. The study highlights the role of religious education in helping communities understand legitimate disagreement and strengthen social cohesion.