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Economic Transformation in the Amrit Kaal Era: Public–Private Investment, Structural Shifts, and India’s Growth Trajectory (1950–2022)
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(1) Jain Degree College
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Abstract
India's long-term development vision, articulated under the Amrit Kaal strategy (2022–2047), positions economic transformation as a central pillar for achieving Viksit Bharat @2047. This paper examines the historical and strategic evolution of India’s economy from 1950 to 2022, with a focus on the role of public and private investment in driving structural shifts in GDP composition, employment, infrastructure, and productivity. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach grounded in macroeconomic indicators and government reports, the study analyzes key growth trends across multiple phases of economic development. Results reveal significant expansion in GDP, infrastructure capacity, and workforce integration, though private sector participation has declined in recent years. The findings emphasize the need for enhanced policy coherence, de-risking of infrastructure investment, and cross-sectoral collaboration to unlock long-term growth. The paper concludes that India's economic success in the Amrit Kaal era depends on balancing state leadership with private sector dynamism, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
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